In an extraordinary General Election, which claimed the scalps of three party leaders within 52 minutes, the Conservatives confounded expectations to win outright, returning Mr Cameron to Number 10. Speaking on the steps of Downing Street after a meeting with the Queen at Buckingham Palace, Mr Cameron vowed to be the party of the "working people".
He later revealed who would take the senior roles of Chancellor, Home Secretary, Defence Secretary and Foreign Secretary in his Cabinet.
He has also pledged to "govern as a party of one nation, one United Kingdom" with more powers for Scotland, in a response to the rise of the SNP, which brings with it the threat of another independence vote and claims that the Conservative Government will have "no legitimacy in Scotland".
The Prime Minister also said he would deliver on the promised referendum of Britain's continued membership of the European Union 2017.
And he thanked Nick Clegg, who has stepped down as Liberal Democrat leader after a disastrous night, saying he was proud to be part of the first coalition government Britain had seen in 70 years.
Mr Cameron said: "The government I led did important work. It laid the foundations for a better future and now we must build on them.
"I truly believe we are on the brink of something special in our country. We can make Britain a place where a good life is in reach for everyone who is willing to work and do the right thing."
He is the second only Prime Minister to have increased their majority while in power - Margaret Thatcher was the first - although he will have to govern with the slimmest of majorities. It is smaller than John Major's 21-seat margin in 1992.
The Labour leader said he had telephoned Mr Cameron to congratulate him on his victory and added he was sorry and took "absolute and total responsibility" for the party's loss.
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